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HAMZAOUI Mejed
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The aim of this doctorate research is to analyse the thematic of the continuing education in the non-profit sector, more precisely the professionalization of the workers in the association sector in the Belgian French speaking Community.The central problematic could be summarized as follows: What are the determining factors, return effects and roles of the continuing education in the association sector in the Belgian French speaking Community? How does it influence or is it influenced by the processes of salarisation and professionalization?We want to have a qualitative comparison between the Joints Commissions 329 and 318.01, by analyzing the notion of recognition. We will distinguish the concepts of salarisation and professionalization which we will analyse with evaluation logics, recommended by the subsidient authority, needing de facto specific training recognized by the State.We will also question the continuing education concept, and analyse its theoric stakes, as for accessibility and results. Even sociopolitical stakes related to the non-profit sector.
By the end of the nineties, the European normative discourse in favour of 'active ageing' was progressively entering into the heart of national public policy. Confined to the notions of salaried work (following professional activities) and the extension of the professional career (as the ultimate goal of public action reform), this discourse insists on the necessity in an ageing society, of a change of paradigm in favour of working ageing persons and of a change in attitude towards them. Ever since the seventies, the Belgian policy on managing the 'end of the career' consists of the frequent use of early retirement, but the year 2000 saw a reverse process setting in. This process has really gathered momentum in 2005 with the Conference on work and the Agreement on intergenerational solidarity. The features (discourse, indicators, public provisions, etc.) of a new policy on career endings, while still under construction, are materialising ever since, thereby making the early retirement from the labour market more restrictive and peremptory.If the activation of the work offer/worker (individual) takes place (decreasing the provisions for early retirement, outplacement, reconversion) the activation of the demand (by the enterprise) is essentially based on financial incentives (decreasing social contributions, subsidies for adaptation of working conditions by the Fund for professional experience). This thesis pertains to the way public policy seeks to pressure companies into changing the employers' attitudes towards their workers. Our interpretative framework will mobilise a cognitive approach of public policies (instrument, reference frame). The empirical approach is based on the analysis of the provisions of the Fund for professional experience and on its impact on companies. It aims to analyse how the Belgian government puts an action favouring the improvement of working conditions into practice within the frame of the promotion of a policy on active ageing.
This research project focuses on improving our understanding of the impact of social welfare activation policies on professional trajectories. In order to do this, our analysis focuses on a particular measure of employment placement available in public centres for social action: Article 60 ' 7 of the Act of July 8, 1976. Our approach is two-fold, using quantitative and qualitative methods. First, we determine, by using quantitative data provided by the Crossroads Bank for Social Security, the social and professional trajectories of this measure's recipients. In addition, we estimate the impact the employment placement measure through econometrics. We develop a control sample, with similar characteristics to the studied group's, but who do not benefit from the employment placement measure. This gives us the opportunity to determine whether the policy has improved or not the possibility of reaching sustainable employment. The second approach is based, on the examination of life stories. It builds on a series of interviews, repeated on a determined basis according to a strict schedule. The number of respondents shall depend on the saturation point. This approach allows us to collect a wide range of information from the point of view of the measure's recipients. We shed light the recipients' standpoint towards their professional situation and pinpoint the working conditions characterizing subsidized jobs. At last, we crosscheck the quantitative and qualitative information in order to develop a typology of socio-professional trajectories.
Our plan is to shed some light on the taboo over the roots of the automatic wage indexation and to study the way this mechanism seems to crystallize the conflict opposing the social counterparts all along Belgium's economic history, from the inter-war period to the last Interprofessional Agreement's draft (IPA 2011-2012). Through analysis of the official speeches given by the employers', workers' and governmental representatives in activity during the concerned period at the interprofessional social dialogue level, and particularly by decoding the role played by this kind of 'documents-monuments' in the strategies developed by the above mentioned players for the account of their respective organizations, we will be questioning the validity of the Foucauldian archaeological method for the analysis of the social representation and we will try to demonstrate the eminently political character of the 'index battle', actually reduced in the prevailing thought to a matter of economic order, or even a purely administrative one.
